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What Is The Animal With The Longest Lifespan

Written By Saturday, May 14, 2022 Add Comment Edit

Life forms with longest verified lifespans

This is a list of the longest-living biological organisms: the individual(s) (or in some instances, clones) of a species with the longest natural maximum lifespans. For a given species, such a designation may include:

  1. The oldest known individual(s) that are currently alive, with verified ages.
  2. Verified individual record holders, such equally the longest-lived human, Jeanne Louise Calment, or the longest-lived domestic true cat, Creme Puff.

The definition of "longest-living" used in this article considers only the observed or estimated length of an individual organism'south natural lifespan – that is, the duration of time between its birth or formulation, or the earliest emergence of its identity as an individual organism, and its death – and does not consider other believable interpretations of "longest-living", such as the length of time between the earliest advent of a species in the fossil record and the present (the historical "age" of the species every bit a whole), the time betwixt a species' first speciation and its extinction (the phylogenetic "lifespan" of the species), or the range of possible lifespans of a species' individuals. This listing includes long-lived organisms that are currently still live also as those that are dead.

Determining the length of an organism'south natural lifespan is complicated by many problems of definition and interpretation, as well every bit by practical difficulties in reliably measuring historic period, specially for extremely old organisms and for those that reproduce by asexual cloning. In many cases the ages listed beneath are estimates based on observed present-day growth rates, which may differ significantly from the growth rates experienced thousands of years ago. Identifying the longest-living organisms as well depends on defining what constitutes an "private" organism, which can be problematic, since many asexual organisms and clonal colonies defy one or both of the traditional colloquial definitions of individuality (having a singled-out genotype and having an independent, physically dissever torso). Additionally, some organisms maintain the adequacy to reproduce through very long periods of metabolic dormancy, during which they may non exist considered "alive" by certain definitions merely nonetheless can resume normal metabolism afterward; it is unclear whether the dormant periods should be counted as office of the organism's lifespan.

Biological immortality [edit]

If the mortality charge per unit of a species does not increment after maturity, the species does not age and is said to be biologically immortal. There are numerous plants and animals for which the mortality rate has been observed to really decrease with age, for all or part of the life bike.[1] Hydra species were observed for 4 years without any increase in mortality rate.[ii] If the mortality rate remains constant, the rate determines the hateful lifespan. The lifespan may exist long or short, though the species technically does non "age".

Individuals of other species have been observed to regress to a larval state and regrow into adults multiple times. The hydrozoan species Turritopsis dohrnii (formerly Turritopsis nutricula) is capable of cycling from a mature developed stage to an young polyp stage and back once again. This means no natural limit to its lifespan is known.[3] No single specimen has been observed for any extended catamenia, however, and estimating the age of a specimen is non possible by any known means. At least one other hydrozoan (Laodicea undulata [4]) and ane scyphozoan (Aurelia sp.one[5]) can also revert from a medusa stage into a polyp phase.

Similarly, the larvae of peel beetles undergo a degree of "reversed development" when starved, and later grow back to the previously attained level of maturity. This cycle tin be repeated many times. Nevertheless, repeated cycles result in physiological deterioration, suggesting that these protrude larvae even so historic period.[6]

Revived into activity after stasis [edit]

If the definition of lifespan does not exclude time spent in metabolically inactive states, many organisms may be said to have lifespans that are millions of years in length. Various claims have been fabricated about reviving bacterial spores to active metabolism after millions of years of dormancy. Spores preserved in amber have been revived after forty million years,[7] and spores from salt deposits in New Mexico take been revived later 250 meg years, making these leaner past far the longest-living organisms ever recorded.[8] In a related find, a scientist was able to coax 34,000-yr-quondam salt-captured bacteria to reproduce. These results were afterwards duplicated independently.[ix]

In July 2018, scientists from four Russian institutions collaborating with Princeton University reported that they had analyzed nearly 300 prehistoric nematode worms recovered from permafrost in a higher place the Arctic Circle in Sakha Republic, and that afterwards being thawed, 2 of the nematodes revived and began moving and eating. 1 constitute in a Pleistocene squirrel burrow in the Duvanny Yar outcrop on the Kolyma River was believed to exist nearly 32,000 years old, while the other, recovered in 2015 near the Alazeya River, was dated at approximately thirty,000-forty,000 years quondam. These nematodes were believed to be the oldest living multicellular animals on Earth.[10] [eleven]

Like bacterial spores, institute seeds are often capable of germinating after very long periods of metabolic inactivity. A seed from the previously extinct Judean date palm was revived and managed to sprout afterward nearly 2,000 years. Named "Methuselah", it is currently growing at Kibbutz Keturah, Israel.[12] Similarly, Silene stenophylla was grown from fruit found in an aboriginal squirrel'south enshroud. The germinated plants bore feasible seeds. The fruit was dated at 31,800 ± 300 years old.[13] In 1994, a seed from a sacred lotus (Nelumbo nucifera), dated at roughly ane,300 ± 270 years old, was successfully germinated.[xiv] [15]

During the 1990s, Raul Cano, a microbiologist at California Polytechnic Land University, San Luis Obispo, United states, reported reviving yeast trapped in bister for 25 one thousand thousand years, although doubts were raised equally to its antiquity.[16] [17] [ citation needed ] Cano founded a brewery[eighteen] and crafted an "amber ale" with a 45-million-twelvemonth-old variant of Saccharomyces cerevisiae.[xix]

List of longest-living organisms [edit]

Microorganisms [edit]

Some endoliths have extremely long lives. In August 2013, researchers reported bear witness of endoliths in the bounding main floor, perhaps millions of years old, with a generation time of 10,000 years.[20] These are slowly metabolizing and not in a dormant country. Some Actinomycetota found in Siberia are estimated to exist half a one thousand thousand years onetime.[21] [22] [23]

The discovered microorganisms

In July 2020, marine biologists reported that aerobic microorganisms (mainly), in "quasi-suspended animation", were found in organically poor sediments, upwards to 101.5 million years old, 68.nine metres (226 anxiety) beneath the seafloor in the Due south Pacific Gyre (SPG) ("the deadest spot in the ocean"), and could be the longest-living life forms ever found.[24] [25]

Clonal plant and fungal colonies [edit]

Every bit with all long-lived found and fungal species, no individual role of a clonal colony is live (in the sense of agile metabolism) for more than a very small fraction of the life of the entire colony. Some clonal colonies may exist fully connected via their root systems, while well-nigh are not actually interconnected but are notwithstanding genetically identical clones that populated an area through vegetative reproduction. Ages for clonal colonies are estimates, often based on current growth rates.[26]

  • A huge colony of the sea grass Posidonia oceanica in the Mediterranean Bounding main near Ibiza, Spain, is estimated to be between 12,000 and 200,000 years old. The maximum age is theoretical, as the region it now occupies was above h2o at some betoken between ten,000 and 80,000 years agone.[27] [28] [29]
  • The sole surviving clonal colony of Lomatia tasmanica in Tasmania is estimated to be at to the lowest degree 43,600 years old.[30]
  • The Jurupa Oak colony in Riverside Canton, California, Us, is estimated to be at to the lowest degree xiii,000 years erstwhile. Other estimates identify information technology at 5,000 to 30,000 years erstwhile.[31]
  • Eucalyptus recurva clones in Australia have been claimed to be 13,000 years old.[32]
  • A box huckleberry bush in Perry County, Pennsylvania, United States, is idea to be around 13,000 years old.[33]
  • King Clone is an individual creosote bush-league (Larrea tridentata) in the Mojave Desert of southern California, Us, estimated at 11,700 years old.[34] Another creosote bush has been said to exist 12,150 years old, but this is equally nevertheless unconfirmed.
  • A Huon pine colony on Mount Read, Tasmania, is estimated at 10,000 years quondam, with individual specimens living over iii,000 years.[35]
  • Old Tjikko, a Norway bandbox tree in the canton of Dalarna, Sweden, is living on top of roots that take been radiocarbon-dated to 9,550 years old. The tree is part of a clonal colony that was established at the terminate of the concluding ice historic period. Discovered by Professor Leif Kullman of Umeå Academy, Old Tjikko is small, only 5 m (xvi ft) in elevation.[36] [37] [38] [39]
  • Pando is a clonal colony of Populus tremuloides (quaking aspen) trees in south-key Utah, U.s., that is estimated to be several thousand years old, mayhap as much as 14,000 years.[twoscore] Unlike many other clonal "colonies", the above-ground trunks of these trees remain connected to each other by a unmarried massive subterranean root system.
  • "Humongous Fungus", an individual of the clonal subterranean fungal species Armillaria solidipes in Oregon'southward Malheur National Forest, is idea to be between ii,000 and eight,500 years old.[41] [42] Apart from its farthermost age, it is as well thought to be the world'southward largest organism by area, at two,384 acres (965 hectares).

Individual constitute specimens [edit]

  • Methuselah, a Cracking Basin bristlecone pine (Pinus longaeva) in the White Mountains of California, has been measured by ring count to be iv,853 years old.[43] It is therefore the oldest known living individual non-clonal tree in the world.[44]
  • A specimen of Fitzroya cupressoides in Chile was measured by ring count as iii,651 years old, meaning this species has the second-oldest verified age of whatever not-clonal tree species.[44] [45]
  • The Cypress of Abarkuh, a Mediterranean cypress (Cupressus sempervirens) in Iran, is estimated to be between 4,000 and 5,000 years old.

  • The Llangernyw Yew, an ancient yew (Taxus baccata) in the churchyard of the village of Llangernyw in North Wales, is believed to be between 4,000 and 5,000 years old.
  • The President, located in Sequoia National Park, California, is the oldest known living giant sequoia (Sequoiadendron giganteum) at approximately 3,200 years of age.[46]
  • Yareta is a tiny flowering found in the family Apiaceae native to Due south America, occurring in the Puna grasslands of the Andes in Peru, Bolivia, northern Chile, and western Argentina between 3,200 and 4,500 metres (10,500 and xiv,800 ft) in altitude. Some yaretas may be upwards to 3,000 years old.[47]
  • A Panke baobab (Adansonia digitata) in Zimbabwe was some 2,450 years old when information technology died in 2011, making it the oldest angiosperm ever documented, and two other trees of the same species – Dorslandboom in Namibia and Glencoe in South Africa – were estimated to exist approximately 2,000 years old.[48]
  • A sacred fig (Ficus religiosa), the Jaya Sri Maha Bodhi in Anuradhapura, Sri Lanka, is 2,309 years old, having been planted in 288 BC.[49] It is the oldest known living human-planted tree in the globe.[fifty]
  • The Great sugi of Kayano, the cryptomeria accounted planted by humans in Kaga, Ishikawa, Japan, had an estimated age of 2,300 years in 1928.
  • Jōmon Sugi, the cryptomeria naturally grown in Yakushima Island, Kagoshima, Nippon, is ii,170 to 7,200 years onetime.
  • A specimen of Lagarostrobos franklinii in Tasmania is thought to be about 2,000 years old.[51]
  • The Fortingall Yew, an ancient yew (Taxus baccata) in the churchyard of the hamlet of Fortingall in Perthshire, Scotland, is i of the oldest known individual trees in Europe. Various estimates have put its historic period between 2,000 and 5,000 years, although it is now believed to be at the lower stop of this range.
  • Numerous olive trees are purported to be ii,000 years onetime or older. An olive tree in Ano Vouves, Crete, claiming such longevity, has been confirmed on the basis of tree-band analysis.[52] [53]
  • Tāne Mahuta, a kauri tree (Agathis australis) in New Zealand, is believed to be between 1,250 and 2,500 years old. It is the oldest and largest continuing kauri tree at present.
  • Welwitschia is a monotypic genus of gymnosperm plant, equanimous solely of the singled-out Welwitschia mirabilis. The plant is considered a living fossil. Radiocarbon dating has confirmed that many individuals have lived longer than 1,000 years, and some are suspected to be older than 2,000 years.[ citation needed ]

Aquatic animals [edit]

  • Drinking glass sponges institute in the East Communist china Bounding main and Southern Ocean have been estimated to be more than than 10,000 years old. Although this may be an overestimate, it is probable that this is the longest lived animal on Earth.[54] [55] [56]
  • Specimens of the black coral genus Leiopathes, such as Leiopathes glaberrima, are among the oldest continuously living organisms on the planet: around 4,265 years old.[57]

  • The behemothic barrel sponge Xestospongia muta is one of the longest-lived animals, with the largest specimens in the Caribbean area estimated to be in backlog of ii,300 years old.[58]
  • The black coral Antipatharia in the Gulf of Mexico may live more than 2,000 years.[59]
  • The Antarctic sponge Cinachyra antarctica has an extremely deadening growth rate in the low temperatures of the Antarctic ocean. One specimen has been estimated to be ane,550 years old.[60]
  • A specimen, "Ming" of the Icelandic cyprine Arctica islandica (also known as an bounding main quahog), a mollusk, was found to have lived 507 years.[61] Another specimen had a recorded lifespan of 374 years.[62]
  • The tubeworm Escarpia laminata that lives in deep sea cold seeps regularly reaches the age of between 100 and 200 years, with some individuals adamant to be more than 300 years old. It is possible some may live for over m years.[63] [64]
  • The Greenland shark had been estimated to live to about 200 years, just a study published in 2016 institute that a 5.02 m (xvi.5 ft) specimen was 392 ± 120 years onetime, resulting in a minimum age of 272 and a maximum of 512.[65] [66] That makes the Greenland shark the longest-lived vertebrate.[67]
  • The maximum life-bridge of the freshwater pearl mussel (Margaritifera margaritifera) may exist 210–250 years.[68] [69] [lxx]
  • Some take claimed koi fish can live more than 200 years, for case Hanako, which some claim died at an age of 226 years on July 7, 1977, but this age estimate is based on a calibration estimate,[71] [72] is inadequate, and is not scientifically accustomed.[73]
  • Some confirmed sources estimate bowhead whales to have lived at least to 211 years of age, making them the oldest mammals.[74]
  • Rougheye rockfish tin can reach an historic period of 205 years.[75]
  • Specimens of the Ruddy Body of water urchin Strongylocentrotus franciscanus accept been found to be over 200 years quondam.[76]
  • Many sub-families of the marine fish Oreosomatidae, including the Allocyttus, Neocyttus, and Pseudocyttus (collectively referred to every bit the Oreos) accept been reported to alive up to 170 years, based on otolith-increment estimates and radiometric dating.[77] [78] [79]
  • The deepsea hydrocarbon seep tubeworm Lamellibrachia luymesi (Annelida, Polychaeta) lives for more than 170 years.[80]
  • Geoduck, a species of saltwater clam native to the Puget Sound, have been known to live more than 160 years.[81] [82]
  • A Swedish man claimed that a European eel named Åle was 155 years old when information technology died in 2014. If correct, it would have been the world's oldest, having been hatched in 1859.[83]
  • Orange roughy, also known as deep bounding main perch, tin live upwards to 149 years.[84]
  • George the lobster was estimated to exist about 140 years old past PETA in January 2009.[85]
  • In 2012, a sturgeon estimated to be 125 years former was caught in a river in Wisconsin.[86]
  • Tardigrades, capable of cryptobiosis, have been shown to survive almost 120 years in a dry country.[87]
  • The Bigmouth Buffalo (Ictiobus cyprinellus), a freshwater fish in the family Catostomidae, has a maximum longevity of at least 112 years based on otolith annulus counts and flop radiocarbon dating.[88]
  • A killer whale of the "Southern Resident Community" identified as J2 or Granny was estimated by some researchers to have been approximately 105 years onetime at her death in 2017; yet, other dating methods estimated her age as 65–80.[89] [90]
  • A goldfish named Tish lived for 43 years after existence won at a fairground in 1956.[91]

Humans [edit]

Life expectancy by land in 2019

 ≥ 82.v

 lxxx.0 – 82.4

 77.five – 79.9

 75.0 – 77.4

 72.five – 74.nine

 seventy.0 – 72.4

 67.v – 69.9

 65.0 – 67.iv

 62.5 – 64.9

 60.0 – 62.4

 55.0 – 59.9

 < 55.0

 No data

Humans are the longest living land mammals.[92]

  • Jeanne Calment, a French woman, lived to the historic period of 122 years, 164 days, making her the oldest fully documented human who has ever lived. She died on Baronial 4, 1997.[93]
  • Jiroemon Kimura (†116 years, 54 days) was the oldest verified man and died on 12 June 2013.
  • The oldest known person alive today is Lucile Randon at 118 years, 92 days (built-in eleven February 1904).

These are single examples; for a broader view, run into life expectancy (includes humans).

Other terrestrial and pagophilic animals [edit]

  • Adwaita, an Aldabra giant tortoise, died at an estimated age of 255 in March 2006 in Zoological Garden, Alipore, Kolkata, India.[94] It is the oldest terrestrial animal in the world.
  • Tu'i Malila, a radiated tortoise, died at an age of 188 years in May 1966, at the fourth dimension the oldest verified vertebrate.[95] This tortoise was born in 1777.
  • Jonathan, a Republic of seychelles behemothic tortoise living on the isle of Saint Helena, is reported to be about 190 years old, and may, therefore, exist the oldest currently living terrestrial beast if the claim is truthful.[96]
  • Harriet, a Galápagos tortoise, died at the age of 175 years in June 2006.[97]
  • Timothy, a Greek tortoise, born in Turkey died at an age of 165 years on iii Apr 2004 in the UK.[98]
  • The oldest known bird in the world was an Australian sulphur-crested cockatoo called Cocky Bennett, who lived to 120.[99] He could think phrases such as "one feather more and I'll wing" and "ane at a fourth dimension, gentlemen, delight". He lived from 1796 to 1916 and travelled the globe with various owners.
  • The tuatara, a cadger-like reptile native to New Zealand, can live well over 100 years. Henry, a tuatara at the Southland Museum in New Zealand, mated for the first fourth dimension at the estimated age of 111 years in 2009 with an 80-year-old female person and fathered xi baby tuatara.[100]
  • Dakshayani, a female Asian elephant, initially owned by the Travancore royal family and later by the Travancore Devaswom Lath, was 88 or 89 years old when she died on February 5, 2019.[101] She is believed to exist the oldest elephant in captivity in Asia and was nicknamed 'Gaja Muthassi' (grandmother of elephants).
  • Lin Wang, an Asian elephant, was the oldest elephant in the Taipei Zoo. He was born on January 18, 1917, and died on February 26, 2003, at 86 years,[102] surpassing the previous tape of 84. Ordinarily, elephants alive up to 50 years, while their maximum lifespan is generally estimated at 70.
  • Hakuna, an African slender-snouted crocodile was gifted to Blijdorp Zoo in Rotterdam, Netherlands, in 1929 by vocaliser and dancer Josephine Baker, He lived in that location for 85 years until he died on 19 Feb 2015, He is the oldest crocodile in captivity ever.[103]
  • A greater flamingo named Greater died at Adelaide Zoo in January 2014 at the age of at to the lowest degree 83.[104]
  • Cookie (hatched June 30, 1933), an Australian-born Major Mitchell's cockatoo at Brookfield Zoo, Illinois, was the oldest member of his species in captivity, and died in Baronial 2016 at a verified age of 83.[105]
  • Muja, an American alligator at Belgrade Zoo, is considered the oldest alligator in the earth.[106] Muja is more fourscore years onetime.[107]
  • Thaao, an Andean condor built-in c.  1930, died at the age of 79 or lxxx in 2010.[108]
  • A female Laysan boundness named Wisdom successfully laid an egg at Midway Atoll in December 2016, at the age of 66. As of 2017, she is the oldest known wild bird in the world.[109]
  • The oldest living horse on tape, Ol' Billy, was allegedly born in the year 1760 in London, England. Bill died in 1822 at the age of 62 years. Henry Harrison, a resident of London during the time, had also allegedly known Ol' Billy for 59 years until Bill's death.[110]
  • Nonja, a Sumatran orangutan, died at the age of 55 years in December 2007. She was claimed to be the oldest-living orangutan of her species.[111]
  • The oldest bear on record was Andreas, a European brown bear, living in the ARCTUROS bear sanctuary in northern Hellenic republic.[112] He was at least 50 years old at the time of his decease.
  • On May 27, 1983, a splendor protrude emerged from a staircase in Essex, UK, afterwards at to the lowest degree 47 years as a larva.[113]
  • A wild-born black rhinoceros named Elly was the oldest in North America at an estimated 45 years of age, and resided in California's San Francisco Zoo from April 1974 until passing in May 2017.[114]
  • The oldest living spider, named Number 16 by researchers, was a 43-year-former female Gaius villosus armored trapdoor spider, at the North Bungulla Reserve, Tammin, Western Australia.[115]
  • Debby, the polar bear, an inhabitant of the Assiniboine Park Zoo in Winnipeg, Canada, was the oldest polar carry and third-oldest behave species on tape when she died in 2008, at the historic period of 42 years.[116]
  • The oldest recorded bat, a Siberian bat[117] (previously identified as a Brandt'southward bat), was at to the lowest degree 41 years old at the time of capture.[118]
  • Creme Puff, a cat owned by Jake Perry of Austin, Texas, was born Baronial three, 1967, and died iii days afterwards her 38th altogether on Baronial six, 2005.[119]
  • The oldest goat was McGinty who lived to the historic period of 22 years and v months until her decease in Nov 2003 on Hayling Island, UK.[120]
  • A wild rabbit named Flopsy was caught on Baronial 6, 1964, and died xviii years and 10 months later in Tasmania, Australia.[120]
  • A bearded dragon owned past Nik Vernon, was 16 years 129 days sometime when he died on December 2, 2013.[121]
  • The oldest gerbil was a Mongolian gerbil named Sahara, she was born in May 1973 and died on 4 October 1981 aged 8 years and 4 months.[122]
  • Fritzy, a business firm mouse, built-in on xi September 1977 and died on 24 April 1985, 7 years and 7 months after he was built-in.[123]
  • A hamster owned past Karen Smeaton in Tyne & Wear, United kingdom of great britain and northern ireland, reached 4 years and six months.[122]

See also [edit]

  • Biological immortality
  • Earliest known life forms
  • Immortality
  • Largest organisms
  • Listing of longest living dogs
  • List of oldest trees
  • Lists of organisms past population
  • Longevity
  • Maximum life bridge
  • Oldest people
  • Regeneration

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Further reading [edit]

  • Rachel Sussman (2014). The Oldest Living Things in the Globe. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. ISBN9780226057507.

External links [edit]

  • Rachel Sussman: World'south oldest living things – TED Talk
  • Live Science: Longest living animals (August, 2021).

Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_longest-living_organisms

Posted by: hyerlorge1995.blogspot.com

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